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Guía de Aves

Gorrión de Corona Blanca

Especies Regionales

El Gorrión de Corona Blanca aparece todos los inviernos, para adornar nuestros jardines y senderos favoritos en gran parte de Norteamérica; en algunas partes del oeste se ve durante todo el año. Su combinación de cabeza blanquinegra, pico pálido, y pecho rizado de color gris, le dan a esta ave un tono apuesto, que la hace uno de los gorriones más fáciles de identificar en Norteamérica. Busca sus bandadas en campos donde haya abundantes matorrales o maleza, o puedes también atraerlos a tu jardín instalando un comedero. Cuando la primavera se acerca, pon atención a su silbido dulce y delgado.

Distribución


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Hábitat

El Gorrión de Corona Blanca se reproduce en áreas abiertas en donde haya matorrales, tales como tundra, prados en altura, y límites de bosques; porciones de suelo descubierto o con pasto son características importantes de su hábitat. Durante el invierno y temporada de migración, frecuentan arbustos, campos de maleza, cultivos, costados de carretera y jardines traseros.

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Alimentación

El Gorrión de Corona Blanca come principalmente semillas de malezas y pastos, además de una cantidad no menor de orugas, avispas, escarabajos, y otros insectos que come durante el verano. También comen granos, tales como avena, trigo, cebada y maíz; y frutas, como las del sauco y zarzamoras.

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Comportamiento

El Gorrión de Corona Blanca revolotea por el suelo, y a través del follaje de hábitats con abundante vegetación. Puede que los veas haciendo “arañazos dobles”, que es un movimiento que consiste en un salto rápido hacia atrás, el cual voltea y remueve las hojas cercanas, y luego saltan hacia adelante nuevamente; comparten este movimiento con algunos rascadores. Cuando llegan al territorio de reproducción, macho y hembra se emparejan rápidamente, y luego esperan a que se derrita la nieve para anidar. Al final del verano, las parejas se separan para hibernar cada uno por su cuenta, aunque cuando vuelven al próximo verano, aproximadamente dos tercios de las parejas se mantienen. Los jóvenes apenas se mueven los primeros días luego de que dejan el nido, y típicamente no aprenden a volar hasta una semana más, o después; las camadas pueden permanecer unidas hasta dos meses después de que empluman.

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Anidación

Las hembras construyen el nido a partir de ramas, pastos gruesos, agujas de pinos, corteza, y ramas muertas. Luego, revisten la copa del nido con pastos finos y pelos. La dimensión final del nido es de 5 pulgadas (12.7 cm) de largo y 2 pulgadas (3.1 cm) de ancho, y le toma a la hembra entre 2 a 9 días en construirlo.

Apariencia

Sonidos Típicos

Sparrows
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© William W. H. Gunn / Macaulay Library

Tamaño y Apariencia

El Gorrión de Corona Blanca es un gorrión grande, de pico corto y cola larga. Su cabeza puede verse tanto puntiaguda como plana, dependiendo de su actitud.

Colores del Ave

La primera impresión de esta ave es que es de un parejo color gris-pálido; luego notarás también el rayado blanquinegro nítido de su cabeza, y el rosa o amarillo pálido de su pico. Si aprendes cuál es el tamaño y forma típica de esta ave, estarás listo para identificar también a los jóvenes, cuyas marcas de la cabeza son de color café en vez de negro.


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Fotos de la Especie

Especies Parecidas

Al Gorrión de Garganta Blanca se le diferencia por el parche blanco brillante en su garganta, y por el color amarillo entre el pico y sus ojos. Además, el Gorrión de Corona Blanca es menos oscuro, y su color es más nítido y rizado. Los Gorriones de Corona Dorada adultos no tienen blanco en su cabeza, y la raya con forma de corona es de un amarillo pálido. Por otra parte, los Gorriones de Corona Dorada jóvenes tienen usualmente algo de amarillo en la corona, lo que ayuda a diferenciarles de los Gorriones de Corona Blanca jóvenes, a los cuales se parecen mucho. La hembra de Gorrión Común luce un poco como un Gorrión de Corona Blanca joven, sin embargo, es más pequeña, con cola más corta, y pico más reducido; tampoco tiene marcas en la cara, ni blanco en las alas.

¿Sabías que…?

  • Los Gorriones de Corona Blanca jóvenes aprenden la base del canto, que tendrán cuando adultos, durante los 2 o 3 primeros meses de edad. No aprenden directamente de sus padres, sino más bien del entorno de sonidos que tienen alrededor en su territorio natal.
  • Debido a que el Gorrión de Corona Blanca aprende su canto durante su juventud, y a que típicamente se reproducen cerca del lugar en donde se criaron, a menudo emergen dialectos de cantos en un territorio. Machos que habitan cerca del límite entre dos territorios, pueden aprender cantos de ambos dialectos y ser bilingües.