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Guía de Aves

Jilguerito Pinero

Especies Regionales

Bandadas de pequeños Jilgueritos Pineros podrían dominar completamente tu comedero para aves un invierno, y desaparecer completamente al siguiente. El rango de distribución de este pinzón nómade varía enorme y erráticamente a lo largo del continente cada invierno, dependiendo de las semillas y cultivos. Está mejor preparado para posarse sobre ramas que para andar saltando por el suelo. Este acróbata con rayado café, luce las llamativas marcas amarillas de sus alas cuando anda por ahí revoloteando, o cuando inicia el vuelo. Sus bandadas son gregarias, y su ruidoso e insistente canto puede escucharse incluso antes de que puedas verlos.

Distribución


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habitat icon

Hábitat

El Jilguerito Pinero anida generalmente en bosques abiertos de coníferas o mixtos, aunque también habita en parques, cementerios, y bosques en áreas suburbanas. En estos lugares anidan en pinos ornamentales o árboles de hoja caduca. A pesar de que prefieren alimentarse en la copa de pinos, lugar donde las semillas son abundantes, ellos podrían buscar alimento en hábitats muy diversos, tales como bosques de árboles y arbustos de hoja caduca, praderas, pastizales, campos de maleza, carreteras, chaparrales, césped y jardines traseros. Se agrupan en torno a comederos para aves que tengan semillas pequeñas. También son atraídos por depósitos minerales, incluso cuando a veces están en hábitats poco atractivos, por ejemplo: costados de carreteras con sal usada como anticongelante.

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Alimentación

Como su nombre lo sugiere, el Jilguerito Pinero tiene un gran gusto por las semillas de pinos y otras coníferas como cedros, alerces, cicutas y piceas. También se alimentan de semillas de árboles de hoja caduca, tales como el aliso, el abedul, el liquidámbar y el arce. Comen por otra parte brotes de sauces, olmos y arces, y también los tallos tiernos de ramas o maleza; incluso comen vegetales tiernos de jardines. Recogen semillas de pastos, dientes de león, pamplinas, girasoles y ambrosia. Además, buscan en ramas y palos por insectos, arañas y gusanos, y ocasionalmente podrían atrapar insectos en el aire. El Jilguerito Pinero se alimenta sin problemas en comederos en patios traseros, prefiriendo allí las semillas que no tienen una cáscara dura, como la semilla de cardo y girasol, aunque podrían recoger también trozos de semillas más grandes que dejan otros pájaros con picos más pesados, y ocasionalmente podrían comer también sebo. Igualmente, se les puede ver alimentándose en depósitos minerales, tales como cenizas, sal en carreteras y cemento fresco. Se les ha visto también bebiendo de agujeros con savia dejados por aves chupasavia.

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Comportamiento

El Jilguerito Pinero revolotea alrededor de las copas de árboles que producen semillas, y se podrían parar a veces boca abajo en puntas de ramas para vaciar las semillas de las piñas. Si las semillas o brotes son abundantes, podrían atraerlos al suelo para alimentarse. Dentro de las bandadas son gregarios y se comunican constantemente a través de ruidosas llamadas, mientras se alimentan o durante su vuelo ondulante. Particularmente alegres y poco territoriales, a veces anidan en colonias muy flexibles y pueden continuar la búsqueda de alimento como grupo. Los machos cantan posados sobre lugares altos o mientras hacen su vuelo circular durante el cortejo. Las parejas pueden visitar nidos de otras parejas antes y después de la crianza. Por el contrario, durante la crianza, la hembra se queda solo en su nido mientras el macho la alimenta. Las bandadas de invierno, o aves solitarias, podrían ser agresivas cerca de fuentes de alimento, pudiendo desafiar a sus contrincantes bajando la cabeza, abriendo sus alas y cola, y haciendo ligeras notas agresivas en sus llamados. El siguiente paso son las embestidas, las cuales pueden conducir a peleas que pueden lanzar a los Jilgueritos Pineros varios metros por el aire. Algunos Jilgueritos Pineros son oportunistas, y se quedan cerca de pájaros con picos fuertes para recoger trozos de semillas que no pueden romper por sí mismos. También, pueden saltar arriba del bulbo de dientes de dragón, para aprisionarlos y así recoger fácilmente las semillas del suelo. El Jilguerito Pinero migra en bandadas que a veces llegan a algunos miles de aves.

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Anidación

En el curso de 5 a 6 días, la hembra construye un plato poco profundo de 2.6 a 6 pulgadas (6.6 a 15.2 cm) de largo, hecho de palillos, pastos, ramas, tallos de plantas, raicillas, tiras de corteza y líquenes. El macho, el cual se queda cerca, también puede llevar materiales para la construcción del nido. La hembra teje una copa de 1 a 2.5 pulgadas (2.5 a 6.4 cm) de diámetro interior y que no sobrepasa las 2 pulgadas (5.1 cm) de profundidad, usando pelo, plumas, pastos, musgos o pelusas de cardos. La hembra podría completar el nido varios días luego de la puesta de huevos. Los nidos quedan apenas amarrados a las ramas, por lo que son vulnerables a ventiscas.

Apariencia

Sonidos Típicos

Finches
icon-finch-small.png

© Glen Chapman / Macaulay Library

Tamaño y Apariencia

El Jilguerito Pinero es un ave canora muy pequeña, que tiene un pico puntiagudo y afilado, y una cola corta y mellada. La forma única de su pico es más delgada que en la mayoría de los pinzones. Durante el vuelo, fíjate en su cola con forma de horquilla y alas puntiagudas.

Colores del Ave

El Jilguerito Pinero es un ave café con abundantes rayas, y con sutiles bordes amarillos en su cola y alas. Mientras vuela, revolotea por ramas, o durante el apareamiento, puede mostrar fuertes destellos amarillos.


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Fotos de la Especie

Especies Parecidas

Las hembras de Pinzón Mexicano son más corpulentas que las del Jilguerito Pinero, y tienen un pico mucho más grueso y una cola más larga. El Jilguerito Canario es levemente más grande que el Jilguerito Pinero, y a pesar de que se les puede ver un tono amarillo en invierno, nunca tienen el rayado nítido en el pecho y espalda, que es la marca más distintiva del Jilguerito Pinero. El Pardillo Sizerín por otro lado, tiene un pico más corto y rechoncho que el Jilguerito Pinero, y no tiene amarillo en las alas. Además, típicamente el Pardillo Sizerín tiene un parche negro pequeño en la base del pico.

¿Sabías que…?

  • Los Jilgueritos Pineros enfrentan las noches heladas elevando gradualmente su metabolismo, el que llega a ser un 40% más alto que el de un ave canora de tamaño similar. Cuando las temperaturas bajan cerca de los -70°C (-94°F), pueden acelerarse 5 veces más aun y por varias horas. Son también capaces de recuperar su grasa para el invierno 2 veces más rápido que sus relativos: el Pardillo Sizerín y el Jilguerito Canario.
  • El Jilguerito Pinero también protege sus huevos del frio. El nido está altamente aislado y la hembra permanece allí continuamente, recibiendo comida del macho todo el tiempo durante la crianza.
  • El Jilguerito Pinero puede almacenar hasta un 10% de su peso en semillas, en una parte del esófago conocida como el buche. La energía contenida en esa cantidad de alimento, les alcanza para pasar 5 a 6 horas de temperaturas bajo cero durante la noche.