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Jilguerito Dominico
Especies Regionales
Ruidosas nubes amarillas, verdes y negras de Jilgueritos Dominicos, se reúnen en hábitats con abundantes robles, álamos de Virginia y sauces, o visitan jardines en áreas suburbanas en búsqueda de semillas y agua. Estos pinzones comen principalmente semillas de plantas de la familia de los girasoles, y suelen verse en todo el sur y más allá, incluso llegando a los Andes Peruanos. Escucha detenidamente su ruidoso canto y notarás que tiene características similares al de otras aves.
Distribución
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Hábitat
El Jilguerito Dominico tiene su hogar en diversos tipos de hábitats. Desde el oeste de los Estados Unidos a Sudamérica, esta ave canora suele verse en matorrales, campos de maleza, bosques, claros de bosque, espesuras de arbustos, cultivos, e incluso oasis en el desierto. También puedes verlas en parques y jardines, tanto en áreas urbanas como suburbanas. Algunos de los hábitats más comunes a lo largo del oeste de Estados Unidos incluyen: robles, pinos piñoneros y juníperos, álamos de Virginia, sauces, cedros, bosques de pinos, y también chaparrales.
Alimentación
El Jilguerito Dominico se alimenta principalmente de semillas de plantas de la familia de los girasoles (Asteráceas, o Compuestas), aunque también come bayas de café y frutos del saúco y del madroño, además de brotes de Álamos de Virginia, alisos, sicomoros, sauces y robles. Se alimentan en pequeños grupos moviéndose entre la maleza baja, para obtener semillas, brotes, flores o frutos. El cardo de la arzolla también es uno de sus alimentos principales. Para comer las semillas, el Jilguerito Dominico abre y mete su pico dentro de la cubierta de los granos, después sacude su cabeza para soltar el interior, y luego traga la semilla. Al igual que el Jilguerito Canario, se posa sobre el bulbo de plantas altas, lo que va doblando el tallo hacia el suelo, y queda finalmente cabeza abajo mientras picotea las semillas. Ocasionalmente complementa su dieta con insectos, por ejemplo: piojos de las plantas.
Comportamiento
El Jilguerito Dominico es un ave pequeña e intrépida, que anda por ahí revoloteando y moviendo su cola mientras se alimenta; tiene el mismo vuelo oscilante del Jilguerito Canario. Además, y al igual que el resto de los dominicos, es un ave agregaría, que se reúne en bandadas para alimentarse y tomar agua de los pozos. Durante la temporada de reproducción, el macho marca su territorio haciendo llamados y cantando en la copa de árboles altos, y luego inicia llamados de cortejo para atraer a una hembra a su territorio. Cuando ésta llega, el macho la persigue en vuelo mientras ambos van a gran velocidad por entre el follaje. A veces se posan en la misma rama haciendo poses de cortejo, estirando su cuello el uno al otro para tocar sus picos, y cantando suavemente. Luego de algunos días, el macho empieza a alimentar a la hembra, traspasándole todo lo que va recolectando en su pico; el macho sigue alimentando a la hembra durante la incubación.
Anidación
La hembra construye gran parte del nido en 4 a 8 días, mientras que el macho se queda cerca vigilando. La hembra, parte recolectando con su pico materiales como ramas, corteza, racimos, capullos y telas de araña. Luego teje estos materiales para construir una copa, la cual reviste con pelo, plumas, lana, pelo de conejo, o fibras de algodón. Esto forma una densa copa de aproximadamente 3 pulgadas (7.5 cm) de ancho y una pulgada (2.5 cm) de profundidad.
Apariencia
Sonidos Típicos
© William R. Fish / Macaulay Library
Tamaño y Apariencia
Los Jilgueritos Dominicos son diminutas aves canoras con pico corto, alas largas y puntiagudas, y cola corta y mellada.
Color
Los machos son de un amarillo brillante, tienen una llamativa gorra negra y parches blancos en sus alas. Su espalda puede ser de color negro intenso o un verde pálido (particularmente en la costa oeste). Tienen también una cola negra con grandes esquinas blancas. En el caso de las hembras y machos jóvenes, las partes bajas son de color amarillo pálido y las alas son negras, marcadas por dos barras blancas.
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Fotos de la Especie
Adult male
© Sharif Uddin / Macaulay Library
Adult male
© Laura Keene / Macaulay Library
Female/immature
© Liam Huber / Macaulay Library
Adult male
© Neil Rucker / Macaulay Library
Female/immature
© Sharif Uddin / Macaulay Library
Adult male
© Juan D Astorga / Macaulay Library
Female/immature male
© Sasha Cahill / Macaulay Library
Adult male
© Dorian Anderson / Macaulay Library
Adult male
© Lila Theis / Macaulay Library
Flock
© Larry Langstaff / Macaulay LibraryEspecies Parecidas
Los Jilgueritos Dominicos son levemente más pequeños que los Jilgueritos Canarios. Los machos pueden diferenciarse por la gorra completamente negra, y la espalda negra o verde, del Jilguerito Dominico. Las hembras son más difíciles de distinguir; deberás fijarte en las puntas negras de la cola y el pico oscuro en el Jilguerito Dominico. Por el contrario, las hembras de Jilguerito Canario tienen mucho más blanco en la cola y el pico rosado. El Jilguerito de Cara Negra, en California y en el suroeste, es de cuerpo gris con mucho más amarillo en las alas, los machos tienen la cara negra, y ambos sexos tienen parches amarillos en el pecho. El Jilguerito Pinero por su parte, es mucho menos amarillo, y es rayado completamente con un llamativo café. El Picogrueso Norteño es casi el doble más grande que el Jilguerito Dominico, y tiene un pico mucho más delgado y pálido.
¿Sabías que…?
- En la parte este de su rango de distribución en los Estados Unidos, los machos Jilgueritos Dominicos tienden a tener la espalda negra, mientras que en la costa oeste, la espalda es verde y solo la gorra es negra. En cualquier otro lugar, la cantidad de negro es variable y puede haber aves con la espalda parcialmente verde; al sur del centro de México todos los machos son de espalda negra.
- Los Jilgueritos Dominicos son más comunes en California y Texas. En el resto de su rango de distribución en los Estados Unidos, solo hay un puñado de poblaciones locales.