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Saltapared de Carolina
Especies Regionales
En verano, parece que cada rincón de los bosques en la parte este de Estados Unidos sonara como el canto del Saltapared de Carolina. Este pequeño y tímido pájaro puede ser difícil de ver, pero hace una cantidad de ruido notable para su tamaño. ¡Anda y persigue ese “tiiket’l-tiiket’l”! Si sigues esta u otras de sus exclamaciones a través de tu patio trasero o un bosque, podrías obtener como recompensa el observar su abundante plumaje color canela, sus cejas color blanco, y su larga y puntiaguda cola. Esta resistente ave ha ido moviéndose más y más al norte para pasar el invierno durante las últimas décadas.
Distribución
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Hábitat
El Saltapared de Carolina visita hábitats con vegetación, como espesuras de arbustos, áreas pantanosas de cipreses, bosques en riveras, y quebradas cubiertas de plantas de cicuta y rododendro. Merodean también por bosques urbanos, pastizales, edificios abandonados y patios con arbustos en áreas suburbanas.
Alimentación
Arañas e insectos son el grueso de la alimentación de este saltapared. Sus comidas típicas incluyen: orugas, polillas, palotes, escarabajos, saltamontes, grillos y cucarachas. El Saltapared de Carolina puede alimentarse de vez en cuando de lagartijas, ranas o serpientes. Consume también pequeñas porciones de alimento vegetal, como pulpas de frutas y semillas de arrayan, liquidámbar o hiedra venenosa.
Comportamiento
Los Saltapared de Carolina usualmente trabajan solos o de a pares; solo después que los polluelos han emplumado se les podría ver comiendo en grupos. Cuando se alimentan en el suelo o cerca de él, este saltapared corre, salta y revolotea, alrededor de hojarascas o montones de vegetación; van y vienen de entre los espacios oscuros bajo árboles caídos, tocones viejos y raíces expuestas. Trepan arbustos, troncos y ramas, en busca de nidos de ardillas; y exploran rincones y grietas en busca de insectos. El Saltapared de Carolina usa su pico curvado para voltear plantas, o martillar y agitar escarabajos grandes. Suelen descansar en: cajas nido, avisperos abandonados, plantas colgantes, garajes, graneros, nidos viejos o cualquier otro tipo de refugio. Como es un ave débil para volar, este saltapared realiza vuelos cortos solo en distancias cortas. Se emparejan durante todo el año, y no dejan nunca de cantar o defender su territorio.
Anidación
Los Saltapared de Carolina macho y hembra construyen el nido juntos; un miembro se queda, mientras el otro va a buscar materiales. El primer nido puede tardar una semana o más en ser construido, pero los siguientes ya toman forma solo en 4 días. El grueso del nido es de forma de tazón; usualmente tiene un domo, una entrada lateral, y muy a menudo también, otra extensión enganchada como un porche o rampa de entrada. Esta construido de forma holgada, con una gran variedad de materiales como: tiras de corteza de árbol, pasto seco, ramas, agujas de pino, pelo, plumas, paja, piel vieja de serpiente, papel, plástico e hilos. La hembra reviste el interior del nido y podría seguir agregando materiales hasta ya iniciada la incubación. Las dimensiones del nido son de 3 a 9 pulgadas (7.6 a 22.9 cm) de largo, y de 3 a 6 pulgadas (7.6 a 15.2 cm) de ancho.
Apariencia
Sonidos Típicos
© Wil Hershberger / Macaulay Library
Tamaño y Apariencia
El Saltapared de Carolina es un pájaro pequeño pero fornido, con un cuerpo redondo, y una gran cola puntiaguda que suele apuntar hacia arriba. Su cabeza es grande, pero con un cuello corto, y tiene el pico distintivo de los saltaparedes: largo, delgado y curvado hacia abajo.
Colores del Ave
Ambos, machos y hembras, son brillantes, de color café rojizo sin patrón aparente arriba, y de un cálido color amarillo-pálido-naranja abajo. Tienen una larga franja blanca como cejas, pico oscuro, y barbilla y garganta blancas.
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Fotos de la Especie
Adult
© Don Danko / Macaulay Library
Adult
© Patrick Maurice / Macaulay Library
Adult
© Chris Thomas / Macaulay Library
Adult
© Ryan Schain / Macaulay Library
Adult
© Linda Chittum / Macaulay Library
Adult
© Scott Martin / Macaulay Library
Adult
© P Smith / Macaulay Library
Adult (White-browed)
© John van Dort / Macaulay Library
Adult (White-browed)
© John van Dort / Macaulay Library
Adult
© Elizabeth Anderegg / Macaulay LibraryEspecies Parecidas
El Saltapared Común es mas pequeño, de un café más oscuro y cola más corta que los Saltapared de Carolina. Tampoco tiene su pecho blanco ni la franja como ceja. El Saltapared Común tiene un canto complejo, burbujeante y parlanchín, mientras que el Saltapared de Carolina canta un dulce y continuo “tiiket’l, tiiket’l, tiiket’l”, con muchas variaciones en ese tema de dos, o tres, notas. El Saltapared Común tiene también una cola más pequeña. El Saltapared de Bewick es más gris, con cola más larga que su similar: el Saltapared de Carolina. Si estas en la parte central de Estados Unidos en donde ambos coinciden, fíjate en la diferencia en sus coloraciones; la del Saltapared de Bewick es más suave, mientras que la del Saltapared de Carolina es más amarillo pálido o café-rojizo.
¿Sabías que…?
- Una vez, un Saltapared de Carolina macho en cautiverio hizo cerca de 3000 cantos en un solo día.
- El lazo entre un macho y una hembra puede aparecer en cualquier momento del año, y una vez hecho el lazo es de por vida. Ambos miembros permanecen juntos en su territorio todo el año, moviéndose y vigilándolo juntos.
- A diferencia de otras especies en su género, solo el Saltapared de Carolina macho canta ruidosamente. En otras especies, como el Soterrey Pechirrayado de Centroamérica, los dos miembros de la pareja cantan juntos. Los Saltaparedes de Carolina macho y hembra cantan distintas partes, y a veces intercalan sus cantos de forma que pareciera que está cantando solo un ave.
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