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Bajapalos Pecho Blanco
Especies Regionales
El Bajapalos Pecho Blanco es un visitante frecuente en comederos para aves; tiene un parejo color negro con gris, y marcas blancas. Ésta ave es activa y muy ágil, y tiene un gran apetito hacia insectos y semillas carnosas. El Bajapalos Pecho Blanco puede ser pequeño, pero su canto es fuerte, y algunas veces puedes acercarte a él solo siguiendo su insistente reclamo nasal.
Distribución
Hábitat
El Bajapalos Pecho Blanco prefiere los bosques maduros, y al contrario del Bajapalos Pecho Canela, usualmente los prefiere de árboles de hoja caduca en vez de coníferas. También se le puede encontrar en límites de bosques y áreas abiertas con árboles grandes, como parques, arboledas en suburbios, y jardines traseros.
Alimentación
El Bajapalos Pecho Blanco come principalmente insectos, tales como las larvas de gorgojos, del escarabajo de la madera, y de la mosca de las agallas de oro; otros escarabajos, membrácidos, cochinillas, hormigas, orugas (por ejemplo: de la polilla gitana y de la oruga de la tienda), chinches, y escarabajos de resorte; además come arácnidos. Por otra parte, también se alimentan de semillas y frutos secos, como bellotas, semillas de espino y de girasol, y a veces de cultivos, como el maíz. En comederos para aves, prefieren la semilla de girasol, el maní, el sebo, y la mantequilla de maní.
Comportamiento
El Bajapalos Pecho Blanco busca su alimento moviéndose por sobre y por debajo de troncos de árboles, y alrededor de ramas grandes. A veces, aunque no siempre, parte desde lo alto de un árbol, bajando su cabeza primero, y pausando para mover su cuello hacia arriba y por debajo de la horizontal, para dar un vistazo alrededor; buscan su alimento entre la corteza o mellando la madera. Cuando encuentran semillas grandes, las calzan en surcos de la corteza y las golpean hasta abrir. A menudo, el Bajapalos Pecho Blanco come semillas o insectos, uno a la vez, cuando buscan al azar entremedio de cortezas desprendidas de árboles dentro de su territorio. Típicamente, esconden el alimento cubriéndolo con pedazos de corteza, líquenes, musgos o nieve. Viven en pareja durante todo el año y espantan a otros bajapalos de su territorio. Por otra parte, cuando están exaltados agitan su cola, sacuden sus alas, o erizan las plumas de su espalda. Cuando un ave pierde en una confrontación, típicamente se retira con su pico y cola apuntando hacia arriba, y las alas abajo. En invierno, el Bajapalos Pecho Blanco busca su alimento asociado con carboneros; con o sin cresta, y carpinteros.
Anidación
Las hembras construyen el nido solas, revistiendo la cavidad con pelo, cortezas, y terrones. Luego construyen una copa de pastos finos, tiras de corteza, plumas, y otros materiales suaves. Muchas veces reutilizan los agujeros para anidar al año siguiente.
Apariencia
Sonidos Típicos
© Wil Hershberger / Macaulay Library
Tamaño y Apariencia
Aunque es el bajapalos más grande de todos, es todavía un ave pequeña, que tiene una cabeza grande casi sin cuello. Su cola es muy corta; su largo y puntiagudo pico es recto, y levemente curvado hacia arriba.
Colores del Ave
Es de color azul-grisáceo en la espalda, y su cara y partes bajas son blancas. Su gorra y collar negros, o grises, rodean su cara, haciendo que el Bajapalos Pecho Blanco pareciera estar usando una capucha. Su bajo vientre y parte inferior de la cola son, la mayoría de las veces, de color roble.
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Fotos de la Especie
Especies Parecidas
El Bajapalos Pecho Blanco se distingue por ser el bajapalos más grande de Norteamérica, y el único que tiene la cara completamente blanca alrededor de los ojos. Aunque el Trepador Americano se mueve por entre los troncos de árboles, como los bajapalos, es de color mucho más café que gris, y tiene la cola mucho más larga. El Bajapalos Pecho Blanco también tiene la cola mucho más larga, y el pico mucho más puntiagudo, que los carboneros del tipo con y sin cresta.
¿Sabías que…?
- El Bajapalos Pecho Blanco es usualmente territorial, y permanece emparejado durante todo el año. El macho, gasta más tiempo alertando la presencia de depredadores cuando están solos que cuando están en pareja; este patrón se repite en muchas aves y es una de las razones por las que pasan gran parte del tiempo en bandadas. Sin embargo, las hembras tienen que soportar que el macho las corra de los lugares en donde hay comida, por lo que ellas pierden más tiempo vigilando, la presencia del macho, cuando están en pareja que cuando están solas.
- En invierno, el Bajapalos Pecho Blanco se une a bandadas mixtas lideradas por carboneros, del tipo con y sin cresta, quizás porque se les hace más fácil buscar alimento, y parcialmente también porque pueden advertir mejor la presencia de depredadores. Un estudio reveló que: en bandadas en que se retiraron los carboneros sin cresta, los bajapalos eran más cuidadosos y menos propensos a visitar comederos para aves en lugares abiertos.