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Carpintero Albinegro Menor
Especies Regionales
El pequeño y activo Carpintero Albinegro Menor es un invitado común en comederos para aves en jardines, y también en parques y arboledas, donde se les ve asociados a otras bandadas de carboneros y bajapalos, aunque nunca sobrepasándoles en número. Comúnmente es un ágil buscador de alimento, que se siente cómodo en comederos, e incluso parado en pequeñas ramas o balanceándose en delgadas protuberancias de plantas y bulbos de sicomoros. Diferenciar a este carpintero de su símil de mayor tamaño: el Carpintero Albinegro Mayor, es uno de los primeros desafíos que deben superar los observadores de aves novatos.
Distribución
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Hábitat
Habita en bosques abiertos, particularmente los de árboles de hoja caduca, y a lo largo de cursos de agua. Se puede encontrar también en hábitats artificiales como huertos, parques y suburbios. Podrías encontrarlo además en áreas abiertas donde puedan anidar en cercas, y alimentarse en medio de la maleza alta.
Alimentación
El Carpintero Albinegro Menor come, principalmente, insectos como hormigas y orugas, y también las larvas de escarabajos que viven dentro de troncos o cortezas de árbol. Comen también insectos que forman plagas, como el gusano del maíz, la oruga de tienda, el escarabajo de corteza y el barrenador de manzana. Casi un cuarto de su dieta es de origen vegetal, particularmente bayas, bellotas y granos. Los Carpinteros Albinegros son comunes en comederos para aves. En ellos prefieren el sebo y la semilla del girasol de aceite negro; ocasionalmente beben agua en bebederos para colibríes.
Comportamiento
Este es un carpintero vivaz, que se mueve velozmente a lo largo de troncos de árbol, ramas, y tallos de pastos y flores silvestres, apoyándose de forma muy característica en las rígidas plumas de su cola. Los Carpinteros Albinegros se mueven horizontal y verticalmente sobre los árboles, con mucha más facilidad que otros carpinteros. Además, puedes verlos posados en la punta de maleza alta, como la vara de oro a finales del verano, martillando las protuberancias de la planta en busca de larvas; ocasionalmente también van dando brincos por el suelo buscando comida. Los Carpinteros Albinegros tienen un vuelo ondulatorio, que alterna aleteos rápidos con contracciones del ala al cuerpo, típico de muchas especies de carpinteros. Cuando tienen riñas, agitan su cola, alzan las plumas de su cabeza y mueven su pico de lado a lado. En primavera, se les puede ver en cortejo, durante el cual el macho y la hembra vuelan lentamente entre los árboles haciendo aleteos parecidos al de una mariposa.
Anidación
Ambos, macho y hembra, excavan un agujero para el nido, tarea que les lleva aproximadamente de 1 a 3 semanas. El agujero de entrada tiene de 1 a 1.5 pulgadas (2.5 a 3.8 cm) de ancho, mientras que la cavidad tiene de 6 a 16 pulgadas (15.2 a 40.6 cm) de profundidad, y se ensancha hacia el fondo, para dar espacio a los huevos y al ave que va a incubarlos. La cavidad se reviste solo con chips de madera.
Apariencia
Sonidos Típicos
© Glen Chapman / Macaulay Library
Tamaño y Apariencia
Los Carpinteros Albinegros Menores son la versión con cuerpo más pequeño de un carpintero clásico. Tienen un pico recto como cincel, cabeza compacta, hombros anchos, y una postura erguida que usan para posarse en las ramas usando las plumas de su cola. El pico tiende a ser más pequeño en relación al cuerpo comparado con otros carpinteros.
Color
Da la impresión de que el Carpintero Albinegro Menor tiene un cuadriculado de color blanco y negro. Su parte alta, que es de color negro, tiene cuadros blancos en las alas, y una mancha blanca amplia justo bajo el centro del dorso. La cabeza tiene un rayado bien definido, y en los machos, tiene también un parche rojo pequeño en la parte de atrás. Las plumas de la cola que están expuestas son típicamente de color blanco, con solo algunos puntos negros.
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Fotos de la Especie
Male (Eastern)
© Evan Lipton / Macaulay Library
Male (Pacific)
© Grace Oliver / Macaulay Library
Female (Eastern)
© Scott Martin / Macaulay Library
Female (Pacific)
© John F. Gatchet / Macaulay Library
Juvenil
© Jeff Langford / Macaulay Library
Female (Pacific)
© Ryan Merrill / Macaulay Library
Male (Eastern)
© Matthew Plante / Macaulay Library
Female (Eastern)
© Doug Swartz / Macaulay Library
Hábitat
© Mike Thelen / Macaulay LibraryEspecies Parecidas
El Carpintero Albinegro Mayor es más grande que el Carpintero Albinegro Menor, y tiene un pico más largo, casi tanto como su cabeza. El Carpintero Mayor tiene también una marca negra larga y distintiva en el hombro, y en la mayoría de las poblaciones, las plumas expuestas de su cola son totalmente blancas. Sus llamados también son distintos: el tono del “llanto” del Carpintero Albinegro Menor desciende al final. Por otra parte, los Carpinteros Californianos y los Carpinteros Mexicanos tienen barras horizontales en la espalda. El Carpintero de Florida es un espécimen raro de los bosques del sureste; tiene mejillas blancas, y también tiene la espalda rayada.
¿Sabías que…?
- Los Carpinteros no hacen cantos, en cambio, hacen ruidosos golpeteos en maderas o metales, lo que tiene el mismo efecto. A veces la gente piensa que el golpeteo es parte de su hábito alimenticio, pero no lo es. De hecho, casi no hacen ruido mientras se alimentan, incluso cuando escarban vigorosamente en la madera.
- Los Carpinteros Albinegros Menores hembra y macho se separan cuando buscan comida en invierno. Los machos prefieren las ramas pequeñas y tallos de malezas, mientras que las hembras buscan en ramas más grandes y troncos. Esto sucede porque los machos no dejan que las hembras se acerquen a los lugares con más alimento; cuando investigadores han aislado a los machos de algún bosque, las hembras empiezan a buscar alimento en ramas pequeñas como respuesta.