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Guía de Aves

Carpintero Albinegro Mayor

Especies Regionales

El Carpintero Albinegro Mayor es una poderosa y pequeña ave, aunque más grande que su semejante: el Carpintero Albinegro Menor, que busca su alimento en troncos y ramas principales de árboles grandes. Tiene un pico con forma de espina mucho más largo que el del Carpintero Albinegro Menor. Tiene también la apariencia de un soldado, por su postura erguida sobre los troncos con la espalda recta, y por el rayado nítido de su cabeza. Puedes verlos visitando comederos para aves con semillas o sebo, y escuchar su llamado en bosques, parques y arboledas.

Distribución


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Hábitat

El Carpintero Albinegro Mayor es común en bosques maduros de árboles de altura media a grande. Pueden aparecer también en arboledas, suburbios, parques y cementerios. Son también comunes en bosques de coníferas, bosques de árboles de hoja caduca, o bosques mixtos, y generalmente prefieren altitudes geográficas por sobre los 6500 pies (1980 m). Se encuentran además en límites de bosques, cerca de tranques, bosques recién incendiados, pantanos del sur, cultivos, o bosques abiertos de pinos, robles o arbustos.

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Alimentación

Más del 75% de la dieta del Carpintero Albinegro Mayor son insectos, particularmente la larva de escarabajos de la madera, de escarabajos de corteza, de hormigas, y también las pupas de polilla en sus capullos. En menor medida comen también abejas, avispas, orugas, arañas, milpiés, y muy raramente comen cucarachas, grillos y saltamontes. A veces el escarabajo de la corteza infesta masivamente miles de árboles, llegando a tener poblaciones de billones. Cuando esto ocurre, el Carpintero Albinegro Mayor aparece frecuentemente en grandes grupos para comer sus larvas. El mismo patrón se observó en bosques incendiados, en done las poblaciones de escarabajos de la madera se multiplican considerablemente. Los Carpinteros Albinegros Mayores, y otras especies de carpinteros, pueden volverse muy comunes en estas áreas y anidar de forma exitosa. Este carpintero ha ayudado a controlar plagas, como la de la Polilla de la Manzana. En otros lugares, algo más que un 20% de su dieta son frutas y semillas. Son visitantes muy comunes en comederos para aves, en donde prefieren el sebo y las semillas de girasol.

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Comportamiento

El Carpintero Albinegro Mayor se posa típicamente en troncos o ramas grandes de árboles, apoyándose en las plumas rígidas de su cola, y brincando con ambas patas al mismo tiempo. A diferencia de los Carpinteros Albinegros Menores, nunca se alimentan de tallos de maleza, eneas o cañas. A veces buscan su alimento en la base de los árboles, particularmente en pinos ponderosa, los cuales son atacados justo por sobre el nivel del suelo por algunas especies de escarabajos de la corteza. Durante sus disputas, los Carpinteros Albinegros Mayores alzan sus alas en 45 grados respecto su espalda, reclinan su cabeza y hacen llamados estridentes. A veces hacen estos ruidos también durante el vuelo. Durante el cortejo estiran su cuello, apuntan su cola hacia arriba, y mueven su pico de lado a lado aleteando mientras rodean algún tronco. A veces también se molestan entre ellos, haciendo vuelos rápidos y circulares por entre los árboles.

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Anidación

La entrada el nido es de aproximadamente 2 pulgadas (7.6 cm) de alto y 1.5 (3.81 cm) pulgadas de ancho, la cual conduce a una cavidad de 8 a 12 pulgadas (20.3 a 30.5 cm) de profundidad. El interior se ensancha en el fondo, para dar espacio a los huevos y al ave que va a incubarlos. Típicamente no tiene materiales adicionales, salvo por la cama de chips de madera para los huevos y los polluelos.

Apariencia

Sonidos Típicos

Woodpeckers
icon-woodpecker-picoides.png

© Jay McGowan / Macaulay Library

Tamaño y Apariencia

Este carpintero es de tamaño medio, y tiene una cabeza muy cuadrada, un pico derecho y largo con forma de cincel, y plumas largas y rígidas en la cola, las que le dan apoyo cuando se posa en los árboles. Su pico tiene casi el mismo tamaño que su cabeza.

Color

El Carpintero Albinegro Mayor tiene un marcado color blanco y negro. Las alas son negras y tienen un cuadriculado blanco. Su cabeza tiene dos rayas blancas, y en los machos tiene también un tinte rojo en la parte de atrás. Tiene además un parche blanco grande que cubre la parte baja de su espalda.


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Fotos de la Especie

Especies Parecidas

El Carpintero Albinegro Mayor tiene un pico mucho más largo que el del Carpintero Albinegro Menor, el cual es casi del mismo tamaño que su cabeza. El Carpintero Albinegro Mayor tiene también una marca negra más grande y distintiva en su hombro, y en la mayoría de su población, las plumas expuestas de su cola son totalmente blancas. Su estridente llamado tampoco baja su tonalidad al final, como sí lo hace el del Carpintero Albinegro Menor. Por otra parte, los Carpinteros Californianos y los Carpinteros Mexicanos tienen delgadas barras horizontales en la espalda, y sus partes bajas tienen puntos o son rayadas. Al Carpintero de Tres Dedos se le diferencia por sus costados finamente rayados, por tener mucho menos blanco en su cara, y por la corona amarilla que tienen los machos.

¿Sabías que…?

  • El Carpintero Albinegro Mayor a veces bebe la savia que chorrea por los agujeros dejados por pájaros chupasavia. También se les ha visto picotear cañas de azúcar para beber el jugo azucarado del interior.
  • El Carpintero Albinegro Mayor más viejo registrado era un macho, y tenía al menos 15 años y 11 meses de edad, cuando fue recapturado y liberado durante operaciones de marcaje en Nueva York el 2010.