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Mirlo Primavera
Especies Focales Principales
El Mirlo Primavera es un ave madrugadora por excelencia; se les ve con frecuencia en el césped de los patios, donde escarban y jalan lombrices de la tierra. El Mirlo Primavera es un pájaro conocido por su pecho anaranjado, canto alegre, y regreso temprano al término del invierno. Pese a que son aves comunes en pueblos y ciudades, El Mirlo Primavera, se siente a sus anchas en áreas más silvestres, tales como los bosques en las montañas y áreas salvajes de Alaska.
Distribución
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Hábitat
El Mirlo Primavera es un pájaro común en todo el continente. Se les puede encontrar en patios con césped, prados y parques urbanos. También en sitios más salvajes como en bosques, montañas hasta donde se encuentran árboles, bosques incendiados y tundra. Durante el invierno, los mirlos se trasladan a bosques húmedos donde pueden encontrar más fácilmente árboles y arbustos productores de frutas pequeñas para alimentarse.
Alimentación
Los Mirlos Primavera comen animales invertebrados y frutas en grandes cantidades. En la primavera y el verano, estos pájaros consumen una gran cantidad de lombrices, insectos y caracoles. En ocación se han reportado casos en que se les ha visto comiedo musarañas, culebras pequeñas e insectos acuáticos. Los Mirlos Primavera también comen una gran variedad de frutas como cerezas de Virginia y silvestres, piños, frutos de sumaque, y bayas de enebro. Un estudio sugirió que los Mirlos Primavera pueden intencionalmente balancear su dieta al consumir preferentemente frutas que contienen insectos.
Comportamiento
Cuando el Mirlo Primavera caza a ras de suelo, corretea unos pasos, y se detiene abruptamente. En pastizales altos, ellos pueden saltar o volar a baja altura, impulsados por fuertes y lentos aletazos. Los Mirlos Primavera también suelen detenerse inmóviles en el suelo y con la cabeza inclinada. Estas aves, a veces se pelean por lombrices que recién han cazado. En el otoño y el invierno, los Mirlos Primavera se juntan a dormir en grandes bandadas, y pasan mucho más tiempo en los árboles. En la primavera, los machos seducen a las hembras con su canto, levantando y abriendo las plumas de sus colas, batiendo sus alas, e inflado sus cuellos de rayas blancas. En la primavera, cuando las parejas se forman, se puede ver al macho y a la hembra acercarse mutuamente mientras mantienen sus picos completamente abiertos y en contacto. Los Mirlos Primavera vuelan rápido, derecho, y con fuerza.
Anidación
Las hembras del Mirlo Primavera construyen sus nidos de adentro hacia fuera, presionando pasto y ramas secas, y usando la base de un ala para darle forma de tazón. Otros materiales que se les ha visto usar son pedazos de papel, plumas, raicillas, y musgo que usan para complementar a las ramas y pasto seco. Cuando el tazón está casi terminado, ellas lo refuerzan con barro para hacer un nido resistente y pesado. Luego, las hembras recubren el nido con pastos finos y secos. Cuando el nido está terminado, mide entre 6 y 8 pulgadas de diámetro, y entre 3 y 6 pulgadas de alto.
Apariencia
Sonidos Típicos
© Wil Hershberger / Macaulay Library
Tamaño y & Apariencia
Los Mirlos Primavera son aves canoras bastante grandes; tienen un cuerpo redondeado grande, patas largas y una cola alargada. Los mirlos son los las aves canoras más grandes de Norte América, y su estructura es un buen ejemplo para aprender la silueta básica de la mayoría de las aves en la familia Turdidae. Además, los Mirlos Primavera son una buena referencia para estimar el tamaño y silueta de otros pájaros.
Colores del Ave
El Mirlo Primavera es un ave de color café grisáceo, con pecho y vientre anaranjados, y cabeza oscura. Cuando vuelan, resalta una mancha blanca debajo del vientre y bajo la cola. La cabeza de las hembras es más pálida que la de los machos, y contrasta menos con el gris de la espalda.
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Fotos de la Especie
Adult male
© Alex Eberts / Macaulay Library
Adult
© Joshua Covill / Macaulay Library
Adult (San Lucas)
© Dubi Shapiro / Macaulay Library
Female/immature male
© Ryan Schain / Macaulay Library
Female/immature male
© Shawn Loewen / Macaulay Library
Female/immature male
© Mike Cameron / Macaulay Library
Juvenil
© Marlene Kraml / Macaulay Library
Adult male
© Ceredig Roberts / Macaulay Library
Adult male
© Andrew Spencer / Macaulay Library
Adult male
© Alex Lamoreaux / Macaulay Library
Adult male
© Glenn Perricone / Macaulay LibraryEspecies Parecidas
El Rascador de Ojo Rojo y el Rascador Manchado tienen picos más gruesos y cortos que el Mirlo Primavera. Sus flancos castaños no se extienden completamente sobre el pecho el vientre como en el Mirlo Primavera. Los Rascadores Manchados tienen manchas blancas en su espalda negra o café oscura, no como los mirlos que tienen una espalda gris sin manchas. El Mirlo de Pecho Cinchado de la costa pacífica de Norte América tiene la espalda gris azulosa oscura, con una banda oscura y gruesa que le cruza su pecho anaranjado.
¿Sabías que…?
- Cientos de miles de Mirlos Primavera pueden agruparse en un mismo lugar para descansar juntos durante los meses de invierno. En el verano, las hembras duermen en los nidos, mientras los machos se agrupan en otro lugar para descansar. A medida que los polluelos se vuelven más independientes, ellos se van a descansar con los machos. Sólo después de haber terminado de criar, las hembras adultas se van a descansar con el resto del grupo.
- Los Mirlos Primavera tienen un esófago expandible, lo que les permite guardar frutas extras en las noches frías de invierno.
- Los Mirlos Primavera pueden ser agresivos cuando se trata de defender la comida. ¡Un solo Mirlo Primavera se avistó defendiendo un árbol de manzanas silvestres cargado de frutas en contra de 15 Ampelis Chinitos!
- En promedio, sólo el 40 por ciento de los nidos de Mirlos Primavera tienen éxito en producir polluelos. Sólo el 25 por ciento sobrevive para Noviembre.
- Sólo la mitad de los Mirlos Primavera vivos en cualquier año, estará vivo al año siguiente. Un Mirlo Primavera con suerte puede llegar a vivir 14 años.
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