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Carpintero de Pechera Común
Especies Regionales
Éste es un carpintero grande, de color café, con una expresión amable y un plumaje elegante con escamas negras en la espalda. ¡No te sorprendas si dando un paseo te encuentras uno dando vueltas por el suelo! No es el lugar donde uno esperaría encontrar un carpintero, pero ellos comen principalmente hormigas y escarabajos, y se la pasan buscándolos y escarbando usando su particular pico curvado. Cuando veas uno volar, notarás que tiene un poco de color en sus alas; probablemente amarillo, si estás en el este; o rojo, si estás en el oeste; y un poco de blanco brillante en su rabadilla.
Distribución
Hábitat
Busca a los Carpinteros de Pechera Común en bosques, o sus alrededores, y en campos abiertos con árboles dispersos; también los puedes encontrar en parques y suburbios. En las montañas al oeste, ellos suelen verse ocupando de lado a lado casi todo tipo de bosques, incluso los bosques incendiados. Además pueden verse en áreas húmedas, como bosques en riveras, pantanos y bordes de ciénagas.
Alimentación
El Carpintero de Pechera Común come principalmente insectos, sobre todo hormigas y escarabajos que obtienen del suelo. También come frutas y semillas, especialmente en invierno. A menudo busca hormigas en el subsuelo, que es donde están las nutritivas larvas, martillando el suelo de la misma manera como otros carpinteros lo hacen en la madera. Se les ha visto también escarbando en hamburguesas, buscando insectos en el interior; su lengua puede estirarse 2 pulgadas (2.5 cm) más allá donde termina el pico para atrapar a sus presas. Algunos otros de los invertebrados que come son moscas, mariposas, polillas y caracoles. Además, comen bayas y semillas, especialmente en invierno, entre las cuales están el roble venenoso, la hiedra venenosa, el cornejo, el zumaque, la cereza y la uva silvestres, el arrayán, el almez y el saúco; y semillas de cardo y girasol.
Comportamiento
El Carpintero de Pechera Común no se comporta como la mayoría de los carpinteros. Busca su alimento principalmente en el suelo, y a veces, en compañía de gorriones y tordos. Cuando están agitados, se paran de forma erguida en ramas horizontales en vez de troncos. Eso sí, vuelan como la mayoría de los carpinteros, subiendo y bajando de forma suave mientras alternan el planear con el aletear. Al inicio de la primavera y en verano, los machos se pelean haciendo una pose llamada “duelo de esgrima”, mientras la potencial pareja los observa pelear. La forma de enfrentarse es con ambos pájaros en una rama elevando el pico hacia arriba, moviendo su cabeza en círculos o haciendo una forma de “8”, y a ratos haciendo repetitivos llamados tipo “wicka”.
Anidación
Macho y hembra hacen la excavación del nido. El agujero de entrada es de aproximadamente 3 pulgadas (7.6 cm) de diámetro y la cavidad es de 13 a 16 (33.0 a 40.6 cm) pulgadas de profundidad, la cual se ensancha hacia el fondo para dar espacio a los huevos y al ave que va a incubarlos. El interior no tiene revestimiento, excepto por la cama de chips de madera para que reposen el ave y los huevos. Cuando los polluelos ya tienen 17 días de edad, empiezan a apoyarse en las paredes de la cavidad en vez de acostarse en el suelo.
Apariencia
Sonidos Típicos
© Ian Davies / Macaulay Library
Tamaño y Apariencia
Este es un carpintero muy grande con una esbelta y redondeada cabeza. Tiene un pico levemente curvado hacia abajo, y una larga cola abierta que termina en puntas.
Colores del Ave
Se ven básicamente de color café con un parche blanco en la cola, el cual se ve llamativo en vuelo, y que a veces es visible cuando están parados. La cara inferior de las plumas de la cola y alas es de un color amarillo brillante en los Carpinteros del este, y roja en el caso de los del oeste. Si miras detenidamente, notarás que su plumaje café tiene abundantes puntos, barras y medialunas negros.
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Fotos de la Especie
Especies Parecidas
El Carpintero de Pechera Común es más café que el Carpintero de Carolina, el cual tiene un rayado blanquinegro en la espalda y una corona rojo brillante. El Carpintero de Pechera de Arizona se ve como una mezcla de Carpinteros de Pechera Común de las variedades que tienen tonos amarillo y rojo: una corona totalmente café, cara gris, y destellos amarillos en las plumas de la cola.
¿Sabías que…?
- A pesar de que puede trepar troncos de árboles y martillar la madera como hacen otros carpinteros, el Carpintero de Pechera Común prefiere buscar su alimento en el suelo. Escarba en la suciedad buscando hormigas, las que son su fuente de alimento principal, y usa su puntiaguda y larga lengua para atraparlas.
- Como la mayoría de los carpinteros, el de Pechera Común golpea objetos como una forma de comunicación y defensa de territorio. Cuando lo hace, trata de hacer el mayor ruido posible, razón por la cual se les puede ver martillando objetos metálicos a veces. En Wyoming, se escuchó una vez a un Carpintero de Pechera Común martillando un tractor viejo, ¡a media milla de distancia!