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El Chorlo Tildío
Especies Focales Principales
Un ave de orilla, o ribera, que puedes ver sin necesidad de ir a la playa. El Chorlo Tildío es común en el césped, campos de golf, campos de deportes, y estacionamientos. Estos pájaros pardos andan a carreritas cortas por el suelo, deteniéndose abruptamente de momento para prestar atención a su avance, o si han hecho saltar de susto algún insecto para comer. Su voz, que se escucha desde lejos chillando “kill-deer” (¡mata al ciervo!), es un sonido común incluso después del anochecer, y que frecuentemente se le escucha cuando el pájaro vuela en círculos con sus alas delgadas extendidas en lo alto.
Distribución
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Hábitat
El Chorlo Tildío vive en campos abiertos tales como bancos de arena, barriales, y pastizales cortos. Estos pájaros se les ve con más frecuencia alrededor de los pueblos y ciudades donde viven en los jardines con césped, estacionamientos, campos de deportes, aeropuertos, y campos de golf. Normalmente la vegetación que cubre el área donde viven estos chorlos no mide más de una pulgada. Puedes encontrar a los Chorlos Tildíos cerca del agua, pero a diferencia de otras aves de orilla, estos chorlos son comunes en áreas secas, también.
Alimentación
El Chorlo Tildío se alimenta principalmente de invertebrados, tales como lombrices, caracoles, cangrejos, saltamontes, escarabajos, y larvas acuáticas de insectos. Siguen a los campesinos con la esperanza de que encontrarán gusanos arrancados de la tierra al paso del humano. Es un cazador oportunista. Se le ha observado cazando ranas y comiendo peces pequeños de agua dulce muertos.
Comportamiento
Se le ve con frecuencia en paisajes secos y planos, correteando y deteniéndose de golpe en el suelo para buscar insectos y lombrices. Pese a que el Chorlo Tildío es un ave común en espacios urbanos, es un pájaro tímido que corre para escapar en vez de volar. Cuando el Chorlo Tildío se detiene para inspeccionar un intruso, tiene el habito de menear la cabeza de arriba abajo, casi como si tuviese hipo. Cerca de su nido, distrae a los depredadores al llamarlos a chillidos, reverenciándose y arrancándose de ellos. Los Chorlos Tildíos son de los mejores ejemplos conocidos de aves que simulan tener un ala rota. Con su “dramatización” que simula un pájaro herido arrastrándose por el suelo, atraen, y terminan alejando a los depredadores del nido. Las pareja de chorlos tienden a permanecer junta por uno o más años.
Anidación
Los Chorlos Tildíos anidan en una depresión superficial que raspan directamente sobre la tierra. El diámetro del nido suele ser de 3 a 3.5 pulgadas de ancho. Después de que comienzan a poner huevos, los chorlos suelen agregar piedras, pedazos de conchas, palitos, y basura al nido. Curiosamente, estos objetos tienden a ser de colores claros. Esto fue confirmado en un experimento en el que se les dio la opción de elegir entre palitos claros y oscuros.
Apariencia
Sonidos Típicos
© Wil Hershberger / Macaulay Library
Tamaño y Figura
El Chorlo Tildío tiene las características de todos los chorlos, la cabeza grande y redonda, los ojos grandes, y el pico corto. Es particularmente delgado y larguirucho, con una cola larga y puntiaguda y alas alargadas.
Color
El Chorlo Tildío encima es de color café y su pecho es blanco. El pecho blanco tiene dos bandas negras y la cara café tiene manchas negras y blancas. Su cola es anaranjada. Este color tan llamativo hace que el Chorlo Tildío sea muy visible cuando vuela.
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Fotos de la Especie
Adult
© Brad Imhoff / Macaulay Library
Adult
© Bonnie Ott / Macaulay Library
Chick
© Jay McGowan / Macaulay Library
Adult
© Kai Sheffield / Macaulay Library
Adult
© Ryan Schain / Macaulay Library
Adult
© Charlie Shields / Macaulay Library
Adult
© Scott Glosserman / Macaulay LibraryEspecies Parecidas
El Chorlo Tildío es más grande y larguirucho que el Chorlito Semipalmeado y el Chorlito de Wilson. La banda doble en el pecho del Chorlo Tildío distingue a su adulto de estas dos especies, y otros chorlos y chorlitos. Sin embargo, los Chorlos Tildíos jóvenes tienen sólo una banda en el pecho, por lo que se les confunde con facilidad con miembros de las otras dos especies. Asegúrate de prestar atención, y ver si distingues plumas nuevas, patas rosadas y picos negros enteros que tienen los Chorlos Tildíos jóvenes. Ten en mente el hábitat, también. Si el ave está en un campo con césped y seco, es mucho más probable que sea un Chorlo Tildío en vez de cualquiera de los otros chorlos o chorlitos.
¿Sabías que…?
- Los Chorlos Tildíos simulan tener un ala rota para que los depredadores no se acerquen a su nido. También pueden simular empollar en un lugar donde no hay huevos ni polluelos si hay un depredador cerca.
- A los Chorlos Tildíos les gusta anidar en techos de grava, pero esto puede ser peligroso. Los polluelos puede que sean incapaces de abandonar el techo por los parapetos altos y los desagües. Cuando los adultos incentivan a los polluelos para que abandonen el techo, muchos polluelos se mueren al caer de gran altura. Sin embargo, se han observado polluelos que brincan de edificios de siete pisos y sobreviven.
- Como los Chorlos Tildíos usan techos o estacionamientos de grava para anidar, tienen que preocuparse de proteger sus huevos del calor. Si los huevos se calientan demasiado, el adulto se sitúa de tal manera que le de sombra a los huevos Si las temperaturas suben aún más, el Chorlo Tildío remoja sus alas en agua y refresca los huevos mojándolos.
- Los Chorlos están dispuestos a anidar cerca de las personas. Por esta razón, son vulnerables al envenenamiento con pesticidas. También pueden chocar con edificios y automóviles.