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Zumbador de Cola Ancha
Durante el verano, el Zumbador de Cola Ancha se encuentra en las praderas de las faldas de las montañas y cerros, al sur y centro de las Montañas Rocosas (Rockie Montains). Este zumbador tiene varias adaptaciones en su fisiología y comportamiento que le permiten sobrevivir el frio nocturno. Incluso, tiene la habilidad de entrar en un estado de sopor, durante el cual baja su ritmo cardiaco y su temperatura corporal.
Distribución
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Hábitat
El Zumbador de Cola Ancha se encuentra en terrenos elevados al sur y centro de las Montañas Rocosas (Rockie Montains). Viven en áreas con árboles dispersos, especialmente si estos son especies de coníferos como el enebro o pinos de diversos tipos, o prados y laderas montañosas cubiertas por arbustos de densidad diversa. Durante su migración, se les puede ver también a menor altura, en donde buscan arbustos florecidos para alimentarse con su rico néctar. El clima frio del extremo norte de su distribución geográfica, en donde la temperatura puede descender bajo cero grados Celcius (bajo los 32°F) incluso en el verano, demanda que este pequeño zumbador seleccione cuidadosamente su ambiente inmediato. El Zumbador de Cola Ancha habita principalmente en laderas y prados a las faldas de las montañas con arbustos, o bosques de sauces, pinos, o abetos.
Alimentación
El Zumbador de Cola Ancha se alimenta principalmente del néctar de las flores de la aguileña roja, castilleja, salvia, y menta escarlata. Los zumbadores de Cola Ancha también se alimentan del néctar de flores que otros zumbadores y colibrís no consumen, tales como el néctar de algunos sauces pequeños y grosellas de invierno, entre otros. También comen insectos pequeños que extraen de la superficie de las plantas, o los atrapan en pleno vuelo.
Comportamiento
Los Zumbadores de Cola Ancha se desplazan solamente volando. Cuando buscan algo, estos zumbadores pueden revolotear suspendidos en el aire, mientras aletean a 50 aletazos por segundo. Cuando hace mucho frio en la noche, es común que las hembras incubando entren en un estado de sopor hipotérmico. Los Zumbadores de Cola Ancha son promiscuos. Durante la temporada de reproducción, pueden aparearse varias veces con diferentes individuos. Además, no forman parejas. Los machos no ayudan con la construcción del nido, ni con el cuidado de los polluelos. Durante el cortejo, los machos de este zumbador suben a gran altura, se suspenden en el aire mientras revolotean, trinan ruidosamente con sus alas, y se lanzan en picada en dirección a las hembras con una acrobacia y destreza espectacular.
Anidación
Las hembras del Zumbador de Cola Ancha construyen su nidos en sólo 4 o 5 días. Primero construyen una capa interior gruesa a base de telas de araña y hebras, y camuflan su exterior con liquen, musgo, y trozos de corteza. El nido lo sujetan a una rama con tela de araña, y tiene buen aislamiento, que le permite a la hembra encubando ahorrar energía durante las noches frías. Cuando el nido está terminado, éste tiene un diámetro exterior de dos pulgadas (aprox. 5 centímetros), y 0.8 pulgadas (aprox. 2 centímetros) en su diámetro interior. Sin embargo, a medida que los polluelos crecen, éste se expande hasta que el tazón se vuelve una plataforma plana.
Apariencia
Sonidos Típicos
© Paul Marvin / Macaulay Library
Descripción del Adulto
El Zumbador de Cola Ancha es un ave pequeña, y un zumbador de tamaño mediano. Si se le mira desde arriba es de color verde metálico brillante. El macho adulto tiene una garganta roja. La hembra adulta tiene una garganta blanca con pintitas de verde iridiscente y bronce.
Descripción del Joven
Se parece a la hembra adulta, pero tiene una garganta con más pintitas.
Fotos de la Especie
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Especies Parecidas
La hembra del Zumbador de Cola Ancha tiene un plumaje parecido al del Zumbador de Allen y al del Zumbador Rufo, pero tiene una cola más larga y ancha. El macho adulto del Colibrí Garganta Rubí tiene una garganta de un color rojo más intenso, con negro, no blanco, en la barbilla.
- El Zumbador de Cola Ancha entra en un estado de sopor al bajar su ritmo metabólico en las noches heladas. Mantiene una temperatura de cerca de 12. 2°C (54°F), cuando la temperatura baja de los 10°C (44°F).
- En algunas áreas del hábitat donde estos zumbadores se reproducen, el aire frio baja a los valles durante la noche, mientras las áreas más tibias se encuentran más arriba. Este fenómeno se llama inversión térmica. El macho del Zumbador de Cola Ancha, que no ayuda con el cuidado del nido, sube entonces cuesta arriba para ahorrar calor durante la noche, bajando así el costo energético de termorregulación en cerca del 15 por ciento.